Editorial standards

These standards apply to every article, essay, opinion, road note and photo essay published here.

Sourcing

• Every material claim has a source. Primary sources are preferred to secondary ones.
• Numbers are recorded in the claims and evidence ledger before they appear in an article, never after.
• Figures published by an organisation are attributed to that organisation by name.
• Where a source cannot be verified, the statement is cut. It is not softened and kept.

Labelling

Fact, analysis, personal experience and opinion are visibly distinguished. An opinion piece says so at the top. A personal account is written in the first person and does not present itself as research.

Review

Content on law, medicine, finance, politics, allegations, ongoing disputes or identifiable third parties goes through editorial risk review before publication. Technical IPR explainers additionally carry the name of the professional who reviewed them.

Independence and interests

Dhruv Brahmbhatt is Managing Director of MYCrave Consultancy and Services, which provides intellectual property services commercially. That interest is disclosed on any page discussing those services. See disclosures.

Dates

Every article shows a publish date and, where changed, an updated date. Substantive changes are noted at the foot of the article. Old articles are not silently rewritten.

Images

Photographs are not staged to misrepresent an event and are not manipulated beyond ordinary adjustments to exposure, colour and crop. Any composite or illustration is labelled as one.